Agrisud and Eco-farming Print E-mail


Eco-farming in brief


According to Vincent Ribier and Michel Griffon (CIRAD*), eco-farming is an alternative to current conventional farming schemes. It aims to develop sustainable agricultural methods that are eco-friendly, economically efficient and promote social equity.

Eco-farming involves agricultural practices combining productivity with minimal ecological footprint and sustainable management of natural resources.

Eco-farming pursues three goals:

. improvement of the environmental conditions : diminish pollution resulting from farming activities, carbon sequestration
. sound use of natural resources necessary for food production : water consumption, respect fertility cycles
. rationalized use of fossil resources: reduce energy consumption and use of petroleum derivatives (fertilizers, pesticides, …).

According to Pierre Rabhi (Terre et Humanisme), eco-farming has a far larger signification than a mere agronomic alternative. It bears a profound attachment to the preservation of life by encouraging mankind to assume his responsibility towards the Living. Committed to promote a balanced relationship between man and nature, eco-farming is both an ethical vision of life and an agricultural alternative. It further considers the respect of foodland and food sovereignty of populations as a fundamental basis for a well-balanced, sustainable society.

Eco-farming as a means to preserve farming eco-systems, promote socio-economic development and protect food security in developing countries.

Regardless of the size of a holding, the farmer must optimize production to generate income, feed his family and contribute to local food security. Eco-farming is composed of a series of techniques that can be applied to any type of farm ranging from large industrial farmland to the smallest family farms.
However, to be efficient, it must be applied to the entire agro ecological area and take into account the surrounding environmental conditions: an isolated eco-farmer will have very little impact on his farming eco-systems if his neighbours do not adopt the same methods.

In small–holder farms, eco-farming can be promoted both in intensive systems (using chemical inputs extensively) as well as in farming systems that use less chemical inputs but which have a “predatory approach” regarding available natural resources.

In all cases, implementing change can be difficult and eco-farming methods must be progressively introduced and assimilated. Eco-farming can be confronted to resistance from farmers themselves who refuse to abandon their ancestral traditional techniques as well as farmers’ support groups that may prove to be inclined towards conventional methods.

To successfully disseminate eco-farming techniques not only must they be adapted to each specific farming eco-system, they also need to be demonstrated and taught to local communities.

AGRISUD and eco-farming

Since its inception in Congo Brazzaville, and later in Gabon and Cambodia in mid 90’s, AGRISUD has progressively engaged in eco-farming : alley cropping systems, mulching practices, compost making, crop diversification and rotation, biodiversity preservation, crop association, peasant forestry. In Gabon specifically, farming on vegetable cover and direct seeding systems have been largely developed in cooperation with CIRAD.

Crops on vegetable cover to :

- Maintain and improve soil fertility, erosion control through permanent vegetable cover
- Sequestrate carbon and reduce GHG levels
- Preserve water resources
- Improve productivity
- Limit use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides
- Reduce painstaking tasks (weed control)

 

Organic fertilisation :


- Use of natural biomass and organic waste produced through solid and liquid compost
- Recycled harvest residues
- Manure produced by combining agriculture and animal husbandry

Agrisud’s eco-farming know-how is based on its experience in 10 countries. It is being progressively disseminated through Agrisud’s network.

Our eco-farming techniques must be permanently updated and enriched with new experiences (new methods, eco-farming in arid and sub arid areas). To this end, we shall pursue partnerships with specialized organizations around the world as well as resourceful individual experts.




* CIRAD: International Agronomic Research Center for Development


AGROECOLOGIE DANS NORD-OUEST DU CAMBODGE

L’évolution progressive de tout un village.

Agrisud, relayé par l’O.N.G. locale Agricam, soutient depuis 5 ans le développement agricole du village de Phnom Prasat, dans la Province de Banteay Meanchey située au Nord-ouest du Cambodge.

Avec l’appui financier de l’Union Européenne puis de la Laiterie Saint Denis de l’Hôtel, 69 exploitations maraîchères durables ont été créées.

Ces exploitations, d’une superficie de 600 à 1.000 m², ont un accès à l’eau permanent grâce à des puits et des mares, ce qui autorise la production en toute saison.

L’utilisation systématique du paillage végétal sur les planches de culture assure une bonne protection du sol contre l’érosion et limite l’apparition des mauvaises herbes. En maintenant une bonne humidité, ce paillage favorise l’activité biologique du sol et limite les besoins en arrosage. De plus, chaque exploitation dispose d’un crib pour la fabrication du compost solide, ainsi que d’une jarre pour produire et conserver un compost liquide enrichi de pesticides naturels. Ces deux sources naturelles de fertilité permettent progressivement une réduction, voire - pour la plupart des exploitants - un abandon des engrais et pesticides de synthèse qu’ils utilisaient auparavant à outrance.

Grâce à ces pratiques agroécologiques, 20 tonnes de laitues, de choux, de tomates ou encore d’aubergines de qualité sont produites chaque mois, et vendues sur les marchés locaux.

La sécurité alimentaire ainsi que les revenus des familles sont aujourd’hui nettement améliorés, dans un contexte où la productivité se conjugue harmonieusement avec la gestion durable des ressources naturelles et le développement social.

 

AGROECOLOGIE EN PERIPHERIE DE LIBREVILLE AU GABON
Une alternative aux pratiques de défriche-brûlis

Avec l’IGAD, Institut gabonais d’Appui au Développement, Agrisud développe des systèmes de culture sur couverture végétale permanente (SCV) comme alternative aux pratiques de défriche-brûlis.

L’association du bananier et du brachiaria (une graminée) rencontre en particulier un réel succès chez les agriculteurs de la périphérie de Libreville : elle permet de maintenir durablement en place des plantations de bananiers dont la durée de vie était auparavant limitée à 2 ou 3 ans.

Ces pratiques offrent de nombreux avantages agronomiques : protection contre l’érosion, contrôle des mauvaises herbes, amélioration de l’activité biologique du sol, de sa structure et fertilité… Les avantages économiques sont concrets et visibles avec des récoltes améliorées en quantité et en qualité. La stabilisation de l’exploitant, qui pratiquait auparavant la défriche-brûlis nomade, sur une même parcelle réduit la pression sur la forêt et sur les ressources naturelles. Enfin, la couverture permanente du sol contribue à la séquestration du carbone.

Des dizaines d’agriculteurs ont d’ores et déjà adopté ces pratiques pour répondre plus efficacement aux besoins du marché local.

 
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